Month
Month
Welcome to the CSIG, a Special Interest Group of the ACGNJ. The subject for this month is short journey into C++ Graphical Windows programming. In addition, mathematical and trigonometric functions will be discussed.
Let's build a clock using Windows Graphics. We could ask the system for the time and print the values to the screen in a large font but that's not very challenging. How about an analog clock: one with hands. How do the hands move? There are 43,200 seconds in a 12 hour rotation of a clock. This means that the hour hand moves 360 degrees in that many seconds. In order to design a program to move the hour hand every second, it would have to move 0.00833333333 degrees each time. Can this be done in C++ ? Sure. How about the minute hand. There are 3600 seconds in a 1 hour rotation.. This means that the minute hand moves 360 degrees in that many seconds. For each second it would have to move 0.1000 degrees. As you can see, there's a little bit of math involved. There's also trigonometry which we'll discuss at the meeting.
void TimePiece::show_time(void) /* display the clock */
{
static struct DEGREES last_deg, deg;
static int firstime = 1;
current.hr = current.hr % 12;
deg.hr = (double)current.hr*30.0 + (double)current.min/2.0 +
(double)(current.sec & 0xFF)/120.0;
deg.min = (double)current.min*6.0 + (double)(current.sec & 0xFF)/10.0; // was FE
deg.sec = (double)current.sec*6.0;
hand(0.50, deg.hr); /* hour hand */
hand(0.75, deg.min); /* minite hand */
pivot(0.05);
}
void TimePiece::pivot(double radius) /* draw pivot */
{
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
x1 = (int)((-radius)*1000); y1 = (int)((-radius)*1000);
x2 = (int)((+radius)*1000); y2 = (int)((+radius)*1000);
pdc->Ellipse(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
void TimePiece::hand(double size, double angle) /* draw hand */
{
struct FPOINT p3, center;
oldPen = (HPEN)pdc->SelectObject(mPen);
oldBrush = (HBRUSH)pdc->SelectObject(mBrush);
/* P3 */
center.wx = center.wy = 0.0; /* | */
p3.wx = size * sin( angle*2.0*PI/360.0); /* | */
p3.wy = size * cos( angle*2.0*PI/360.0); /* | */
/* CENTER */
line(center, p3);
pdc->SelectObject(oldPen);
pdc->SelectObject(oldBrush);
}
void TimePiece::line(struct FPOINT p1, struct FPOINT p2) /* draw line */
{
int x, y;
x = (int)(p1.wx * 1000); y = (int)(p1.wy * 1000); pdc->MoveTo(x, y);
x = (int)(p2.wx * 1000); y = (int)(p2.wy * 1000); pdc->LineTo(x, y);
}
void TimePiece::face(void) /* add circles for hour marks */
{
struct FPOINT p1;
int x1, y1, x2, y2, i;
double deg, dot_radius, ul_x, ul_y, lr_x, lr_y;
for (dot_radius=0.09,i=0; i<1; i += 1) // for 12 hours change to "i<12"
{
deg = (double)i*30.0;
p1.wx = 0.85*sin( deg*2.0*PI/360.0); // = 0.000 at 12:00 o'clock
p1.wy = 0.85*cos( deg*2.0*PI/360.0); // = 0.850
ul_x = p1.wx-dot_radius;
ul_y = p1.wy+dot_radius;
lr_x = p1.wx+dot_radius;
lr_y = p1.wy-dot_radius;
x1 = (int)(ul_x*1000); y1 = (int)(ul_y*1000);
x2 = (int)(lr_x*1000); y2 = (int)(lr_y*1000);
pdc->Ellipse(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}